See -ed in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"id": "past-participle"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fremman (“to perform”) + -ed → fremed (“performed”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the past participle of class I weak verbs"
],
"id": "en--ed-ang-suffix-ThqAcX-u",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ed/"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-eda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ed"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-od"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "æppel (“apple”) + -ed → æppled (“apple-shaped”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -od"
],
"id": "en--ed-ang-suffix-MJ8zvUmg",
"links": [
[
"-od",
"-od#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ed/"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with etymon",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"id": "past-participle"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "fremman (“to perform”) + -ed → fremed (“performed”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the past participle of class I weak verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ed/"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-eda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-edum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ed",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ed"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-od"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "æppel (“apple”) + -ed → æppled (“apple-shaped”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -od"
],
"links": [
[
"-od",
"-od#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ed/"
}
],
"word": "-ed"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ed meaning in Old English (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.